The Fair Tax should be Implemented in the United States Essay

The Fair Tax should be Implemented in the United States - Essay Example NSBA was the first small business organization to give a pass to fair tax to apply to all consumers’ goods and services at the consumption final point at 23 percent which is single rate and a retail sales tax that is national. The fair tax enhances the fact that there is the same rate of tax without exemptions and exclusion on every taxpayer. There will be a total tax exemption to those who share on the cost of the government. The tax rate is determined and affected by the rate of purchase. To promote reutilization, the used items will not be subject to tax. In goods and services production, the purchase from business to another business will not be taxable. This fair tax will thus act as a replacement on the federal income tax on individuals, tax on capital gains, tax on self employment, and taxation on gifts and the estates. (Kotlikoff and Laurence, 2005). According to congressional report p 20190, the fair tax of 2003 was introduced to promote fairness, freedom, and economi c opportunity by repealing the income tax and other taxes, abolish the revenue services that are interest, and enacting a sales tax nationally. In another term, the fair tax can commonly be called national sales tax. It is an essential tax reform item and that was unjust to replace it with a tax system that is simple and fairness. 2.0 Explanation of Fair Tax Act The fair tax Act of 2003 would repeal taxation on individual income, taxation on corporations, taxes on capital gains, payroll taxes, taxation on self employment, gifts and Estate taxes in lieu of 23 percent tax on all goods and services final sales. These taxes eradication will bring about simplicity and equality within the US system of taxation. The bill also provides transactions on business to business tax relief. The transactions are not subject t tax on sales including transactions on products and this helps in abrogating double taxation that may arise. Under the bill of fair tax, Medicare benefits and social security would not be touched. To either one of the vital programs, there would be no financial reduction. The trust fund revenue source for the two programs would be replaced by sales tax revenue instead of payroll tax revenue. (United State Congress et al, 2007 p 225) According to Tomlinson Shelly-Ann, (2007), the fair tax act proposed that American would receive a check on money rebate that is equal to spending up to the federal poverty level according to the Department of health and Human guidelines. After the purchase of necessity, the rebate would ensure no American pays taxes. The fair tax act will create fairness and a simpler taxation system and allows all Americans the freedom to determine their own priories and opportunities. The amounts of rebate calculations are adjusted to the inflation account. In order for household to become eligible for the rebate, they would register only once in every year with the authority that administers sales tax. The name together with the social se curity number is submitted by the member of the household. The funds are either a submitted by check via US Email, Electronic fund transfer, or a smartcard which is used like a credit card of a bank by administration of the social securit

Age Factor in Learning a Secnd Language ( The Critical Period Research Paper

Age Factor in Learning a Secnd Language ( The Critical Period Hypothesis) - Research Paper Example The paper also includes a detailed section which analyses the findings and presents a fair view of the scenario and the issues that dominate this particular branch of linguistic research. Adults are regarded to exceed in virtually every field of learning, on account of the presence of highly developed cognitive skills, as compared to children. However, with regard to language learning, children seem to have a better edge. There are innumerable instances where children have been able to learn a second language faster than adults and achieve native-like expertise, while in case of adults such a competence is rarely observed. It is on account of this very reason that issue regarding the existence of a certain sensitive / critical period of learning exists among individuals which fosters language development. Researchers and academic scholars as well as general observers have noted that children – up to a certain age, have a better grasp of learning languages – both native as well as foreign / second language, than their adult counterparts. During this period their language learning skills are heightened and once this period lapses, their skills begin to fa de, and acquiring native-like proficiency in language learning becomes all the more difficult, beyond a certain age. However there are several criticisms and contradictory views offered by others. In response to the critical period for language learning, certain researchers have opposed the hypothesis, stating that native-like skills can be found in certain adult learners with regard to second language. Yet another group of researchers have stated that over and above the critical period of language learning, there are other factors which also play an important role in learning a language a second language. These include sociological, psychological as well as physiological factors. This paper analyzes, explores and investigates

Characteristics of a Failed State

Characteristics of a Failed State The termÂÂ  failed stateÂÂ  is often used to describe a stateÂÂ  perceived as having failed at some of the basic conditions and responsibilities of aÂÂ  sovereign government. In order to make this definition more precise, the following attributes, are often used to characterize a failed state: loss of physical control of its territory, or of the monopoly on the legitimate use of physical forceÂÂ  therein, erosion of legitimate authority to make collective decisions, an inability to provide reasonable public services, and An inability to interact with other states as a full member of the international community Common characteristics of aÂÂ  failing stateÂÂ  include a central government so weak or ineffective that it has little practical control over much of its territory; non-provision of public services; widespread corruption and criminality; refugees and involuntary movement of populations; and sharp economic decline A state could be said to succeed if it maintains, in the words ofÂÂ  Max Weber, aÂÂ  monopoly on the legitimate use of physical forceÂÂ  within its borders. When this is broken (e.g., through the dominant presence ofÂÂ  warlords,ÂÂ  paramilitaryÂÂ  groups, orÂÂ  terrorism), the very existence of the state becomes dubious, and the state becomes aÂÂ  failed state. The difficulty of determining whether a government maintains a monopoly on the legitimate use of force (which includes the problems of the definition of legitimate) means it is not clear precisely when a state can be said to have failed. This problem of legitimacy can be solved by understanding what Weber intended by it. Weber clearly explains that only the state has the means of production necessary for physical violence (politics as vocation). This means that the state does not require legitimacy for achieving monopoly on the means of violence (de facto) but will need one if it needs to use it (de jure). The term is also used in the sense of a state that has been rendered ineffective (i.e., has nominal military/police control over its territory only in the sense of having no armed opposition groups directly challenging state authority; in short, the no news is good news approach) and is not able to enforce its laws uniformly because of high crime rates, extremeÂÂ  political corruption, an extensiveÂÂ  informal market, impenetrable bureaucracy, judicial ineffectiveness, military interference in politics, cultural situations in which traditional leaders wield more power than the state over a certain area but do not compete with the state, or a number of other factors. TheÂÂ  Crisis States Research CentreÂÂ  defines a failed state as a condition of state collapse -ÂÂ  i.e., aÂÂ  stateÂÂ  that can no longer perform its basic security and development functions and that has no effective control over its territory and borders. A failed state is one that can no longer reproduce the conditions for its own existence. This term is used in very contradictory ways in the policy community (for instance, there is a tendency to label a poorly performing state as failed a tendency the Crisis States Research Centre rejects). The opposite of a failed state is an enduring state and the absolute dividing line between these two conditions is difficult to ascertain at the margins. Even in a failed state, some elements of the state, such as local state organisations, might continue to exist. Indicators of state vulnerability The indexs ranks are based on twelve indicators of state vulnerability four social, two economic and six political. The indicators are not designed to forecast when states may experience violence or collapse. Instead, they are meant to measure a states vulnerability to collapse or conflict. All countries in the red (Alert, FSI of 90 or more), orange (Warning, FSI of 60 or more), or yellow (Moderate, FSI of 30 or more) categories display some features that make parts of their societies and institutions vulnerable to failure. Some in the yellow zone may be failing at a faster rate than those in the more dangerous orange or red zones, and therefore could experience violence sooner. Conversely, some in the red zone, though critical, may exhibit some positive signs of recovery or be deteriorating slowly, giving them time to adopt mitigating strategies. Social indicators Demographic pressures:ÂÂ  including the pressures deriving from high population density relative to food supply and other life-sustaining resources. The pressure from a populations settlement patterns and physical settings, including border disputes, ownership or occupancy of land, access to transportation outlets, control of religious or historical sites, and proximity to environmental hazards. Massive movement of refugees and internally displaced peoples:ÂÂ  forced uprooting of large communities as a result of random or targeted violence and/or repression, causing food shortages, disease, lack of clean water, land competition, and turmoil that can spiral into larger humanitarian and security problems, both within and between countries. Legacy of vengeance-seeking group grievance:ÂÂ  based on recent or past injustices, which could date back centuries. Including atrocities committed with impunity against communal groups and/or specific groups singled out by state authorities, or by dominant groups, for persecution or repression. Institutionalized political exclusion. PublicÂÂ  scapegoatingÂÂ  of groups believed to have acquired wealth, status or power as evidenced in the emergence of hate radio, pamphleteering and stereotypical or nationalistic political rhetoric. Chronic and sustained human flight:ÂÂ  both the brain drain of professionals, intellectuals and political dissidents and voluntary emigration of the middle class. Growth of exile/expatcommunities are also used as part of this indicator. [edit]Economic indicators Uneven economic development along group lines:ÂÂ  determined by group-based inequality, or perceived inequality, in education, jobs, and economic status. Also measured by group-based poverty levels, infant mortality rates, and education levels. Sharp and/or severe economic decline:ÂÂ  measured by a progressive economic decline of the society as a whole (using: per capita income, GNP, debt, child mortality rates, poverty levels, business failures.) A sudden drop in commodity prices, trade revenue, foreign investment or debt payments. Collapse or devaluation of the national currency and a growth of hidden economies, including the drug trade, smuggling, and capital flight. Failure of the state to pay salaries of government employees and armed forces or to meet other financial obligations to its citizens, such as pension payments. Political indicators Criminalization and/or delegitimisation of the state:ÂÂ  endemic corruption or profiteering by ruling elites and resistance to transparency, accountability and political representation. Includes any widespread loss of popular confidence in state institutions and processes. Progressive deterioration of public services:ÂÂ  a disappearance of basic state functions that serve the people, including failure to protect citizens from terrorism and violence and to provide essential services, such as health, education, sanitation, public transportation. Also using the state apparatus for agencies that serve the ruling elites, such as the security forces, presidential staff, central bank, diplomatic service, customs and collection agencies. Widespread violation of human rights:ÂÂ  an emergence of authoritarian, dictatorial or military rule in which constitutional and democratic institutions and processes are suspended or manipulated. Outbreaks of politically inspired (as opposed to criminal) violence against innocent civilians. A rising number of political prisoners or dissidents who are denied due process consistent with international norms and practices. Any widespread abuse of legal, political and social rights, including those of individuals, groups or cultural institutions (e.g., harassment of the press, politicization of the judiciary, internal use of military for political ends, public repression of political opponents, religious or cultural persecution.) Security apparatus as state within a state:ÂÂ  an emergence of elite orÂÂ  praetorian guardsÂÂ  that operate with impunity. Emergence of state-sponsored or state-supported private militias that terrorize political opponents, suspected enemies, or civilians seen to be sympathetic to the opposition. An army within an army that serves the interests of the dominant military or political clique. Emergence of rival militias, guerrilla forces or private armies in an armed struggle or protracted violent campaigns against state security forces. Rise of factionalised elites:ÂÂ  a fragmentation of ruling elites and state institutions along group lines. Use of aggressive nationalistic rhetoric by ruling elites, especially destructive forms of communalÂÂ  irredentismÂÂ  (e.g., Greater Serbia) or communal solidarity (e.g., ethnic cleansing, defending the faith). Intervention of other states or external factors:ÂÂ  military or Para-military engagement in the internal affairs of the state at risk by outside armies, states, identity groups or entities that affect the internal balance of power or resolution of the conflict. Intervention by donors, especially if there is a tendency towards over-dependence on foreign aid or peacekeeping missions.

Intellectual Property Protection Essay -- Law, Copyrights

Intellectual property protection has become increasingly popular in the last century. Many factors have probed interest in this area of the law. A few of those factors include musicians seeking protection of their musical talents through use of copyrights, companies seek to protect inventions of advanced production capabilities, companies create trademarks that differentiate their unique goods from competitors, and companies like Coca-Cola protect their undisclosed ingredients for their products through use of trade secrets. These examples are to gain an understanding of how and why intellectual property rights help companies seek advantages in the marketplace. Furthermore, as the world shrinks because of advancements in transportation and computer technology, intellectual property rights become a large part of entrepreneurship and product development. This paper will discuss the interesting and challenging topic of intellectual property protection. The four basic types of inte llectual property include copyrights, patents, trademarks and trade secrets; we will discuss the intellectual properties in the order in which they are listed. COPYRIGHTS: A copyright prohibits the unauthorized reproduction of creative works such as books, magazines, poems, drawings, paintings, musical compositions, sound recordings, films, and DVDs (Barnes, Dworkin & Richards, 2011). Though many people do file, copyrights do not require any special filing or process other than personal creativity, copyrights take formation automatically. Any creative works created prior to 1978 exist for 75 years. Creative works created after 1978 exist for the life of the author plus an additional seventy (70) years. Copyrights are given to an author/creato... ...esses expand into foreign countries, many businesses find there are already companies with the same trademark. However, focusing on the domestic market, recovery for trademark infringement must show that (1) it possesses the trademark; (2) the defendant used the mark in commerce; (3) the defendant’s use of the mark was to benefit; and (4) the infringer is confusing customers (Barnes, Dworkin & Richards, 2011). As China expands industrially and technologically, many U.S. and European companies fear trademark infringement. Most large companies have done well at establishing and maintaining international trademark protection (e.g., Coca-Cola, Apple, and McDonalds), whereas small to medium companies struggle with copycat goods and services. Not to get confused, trademark infringement happens domestically with products like Nike footwear and Ralph Lauren clothing.

Change in My Life

It is not easy to adapt oneself to new circumstances especially moving to a country that you have never come always brings you difficulties such as: people, language, custom and culture†¦ The first time I came to the US, I looked like a fish out of water. Everyone looked so different from people my country. I could not understand when they talked to me†¦ But I was very lucky. I met good friends and teachers at school. They helped me a lot not only studying at school but also getting used to my new life and American culture.I used to think that there is a little group of Vietnamese here. But after coming, it is not like that. I can see Vietnamese everywhere in Portland. At school, there are probably over 20 Vietnamese students. Every Sunday, I go to Church with my family, the number of Vietnamese there may add up to thousands of people. Three months ago, I took the Oregon Instruction Permit Test at DMV. Once more, I was very surprised when they told me that I could take the test in Vietnamese. I realized there is a large Vietnamese community in Portland that I had not known about before.When I first went to school, I saw lots of Vietnamese students there. Because my English was not good, the counselor introduced me to 3 Vietnamese guys who were good to me. They were very nice to introduce everything at school to me such as: show me how to use my locker, how to pick up lunch†¦ They also suggested me how to study and what classes I need to take or not. As a result, I used to want to make friends with all Vietnamese students in my school because I thought they could help me, and it was hard to make friends with other students while I was not good at English.I almost used Vietnamese at school and joined their group. But after that, I realized that most of them are not as good as I thought. They usually use bad language, especially when they do not agree with the teachers. Because they spoke in Vietnamese, the teachers did not understand anything. I di d not see the good in them. They always ask to borrow my homework and copy my answers when we had tests. When I came here, my goal was to study English well and get used to my new life. That was why I decided to leave their group and stay away from them.That seemed to be a good decision. I tried to study more. I was brave to talk to my classmates and my teachers. They cared about me and helped me correct my bad pronunciation a lot. Now, I have 2 buddies, one came from China, the other came from the Philippines. They are really good friends. My English has been improving considerably. I have more friends at school and do very well in every class. Then I got rid of the idea about making friends with Vietnamese. I remember I have 3 nice Vietnamese friends, and they are studying at university now.That does not mean I hate Vietnamese. There is a lesson to be learned from that matter: choose good company to make friend. Personally, I prefer non-Vietnamese to Vietnamese students because th ey can help me improve my English. I used to think that I must pay a lot of money for going to school if I study in USA. But in fact, I don’t have to pay anything. Because my parents have low-income, I even have a free bus pass and free lunch at school. In the future, if I go to university, I will have financial aid to support my tuition. It is very different from my country.In Vietnam, I have to pay a lot if I want to go to school regardless if it is primary school, high school, or university. Lots of children cannot go to school because their parents cannot afford to pay for school. Despite the government had policies to help poor students, those are not enough for everyone. These days, our life in Vietnam is better than in the past but there still have a lot of children who cannot go to school. I truly hope that the Vietnamese government can give the children the best conditions for them to study as the American government does.Last week, when I chatted with my friends on the internet, they told that I have changed so much. I used to wear shirt and pants in Vietnam. But after coming here, I realized that it is not suitable. Now I always wear a T-shirt and jeans. That made me more confident because I looked like other guys. Last weekend, my family went shopping for the winter. For me, it was really great because we have not gone shopping together for a long time. When we were in Vietnam, my parents had to work very hard from morning to night. They always want to give my brother and me the best conditions to study.They do not want us to think about making money. My family is very important to me. I always promise myself that I have to study hard and become successful. It will requite my parents’ services, and certainly that will be the biggest present which I can give them. In conclusion, there were many changes from the day I came here. Living 6 months in America was not a long time, but I studied many things here. Besides, my family is always next to me, and supports me whenever I need help. What I can do now is to continue to try more and do as well as I can. I will try to make my dream come true. n

Montresor

The murder of Fortunato, executed in a   gruesome manner in Edgar Allan Poe’s 1846 tale The Cask of Amontillado, is a classic example of the premeditated crime.Its perpetrator, Montresor, was actuated by malicious intent, the circumstances surrounding it showed evident premeditation and meticulous planning, and he executed it in such a way as to avoid suspicion and punishment.Montresor’s motive was simple: to avenge an insult, of which details the author does not tell us.   He confides that he is of a vindictive nature,   not be satisfied with the simple act of inflicting punishment on his tormentor. He must avenge himself in cold blood, ensuring that the victim would know he delivered the fatal blow, and escape unpunished (1).Montresor’s plan was simple enough: let Fortunato accompany him to the underground wine vaults and there, through treachery and deceit, chain him to the wall and entomb him alive.  Ã‚  Ã‚   He   cunningly devised a plan to lure Fo rtunato into his trap.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fortunato according to the author, â€Å"prided himself on his connoisseurship in wine† (1).   He knew his friend would not be able to resist showing off his expertise in judging old vintages like the Amontillado.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Himself being skilled in Italian wine, Montresor had the perfect cover for inviting his prey into the catacombs.To escape suspicion, Montresor had to do it at such time when people would least notice something was amiss.  Ã‚  Ã‚   He thought the height of the carnival season, particularly at night when merrymakers would be wildly drunk and     carousing on the streets, would be the perfect time to carry out his plan.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The author does not tell us if he wore a costume, but Fortunato was dressed as a clown, bells and all, and people would not have recognized him, or remembered who he was last seen with.  Ã‚   â€Å"The man,† described the author, â€Å"wore motley.  Ã‚   He had on a tight-fit ting part-striped dress, and his head was surmounted by the conical cap and bells†(1).Montresor the avenger complimented his friend on â€Å"how remarkably well† he looked, feigning goodwill and friendship so as not to arouse any suspicion, of which there really was no need.  Ã‚   His friend clearly had no idea what he was up to.  Ã‚   Then the plotter subtly released the bait: he told Fortunato of his purchase of â€Å"a pipe of what passes for Amontillado† and his doubts thereof.  Ã‚   He had gone to the extent of buying the ancient cask in order to have a credible and irresistible cover for extending an invitation to his quarry. Knowing Fortunato well, Montresor pretended to be on his way to consult Luchresi, another vintage expert, whom Fortunato detested.   He appealed to Fortunato’s vanity, saying, â€Å"And yet some fools will have it that his taste is a match for your own†(1).Thinking like a criminal, Montresor had carefully avoided making any threats against Fortunato, knowing any slight hostility or animosity between them could later on be picked up by the police and lead to suspicion against him. On the contrary, he was careful to cultivate his friendship. On the night appointed, as they met at the carnival, his friend accosted him â€Å"with excessive warmth†. Montresor greeted him with equal pleasure, although for a different, sinister reason.On their way to the catacombs, Montresor continually feigned concern for Fortunato, who was being wracked by violent coughing, entreating him to return, although he knew his friend in his drunken state would not turn back.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He actually added to his intoxication by making him drink some more from the bottles of Medoc that lay about their path (2).  Montresor showed sardonic wit as they proceeded on their way.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fortunato was asking him for a sign that he was indeed a member of the Masonic brotherhood as Montresor claimed.  Ã‚   I n reply Montresor produced a trowel from the folds of his roquelaire.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fortunato the clown laughed it off as a joke (3).Passing through the catacombs, they finally arrived at the predetermined scene of the crime, which lay at the remotest end of the crypt.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Here was an interior crypt or recess whose contents of skeletal remains had been thrown off.   It was â€Å"backed by one of their circumscribing walls of solid granite†(4).Taking advantage of Fortunato’s weakened and drunken state, while he was bewildered upon finding himself in a cul-de-sac, Montresor quickly bound him to the granite wall.  Ã‚   Then Montresor produced from the pile of bones a quantity of building stone and mortar and with his trowel began mixing them and walling up the entrance of the niche.Even after having secured his victim, Montresor was still feigning concern for Fortunato, showing him the dampness caused by the nitre, and entreating him to return.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The r ealization by Fortunato of his doomed state was slow in coming.  Ã‚   It only came later when, having seen the wall rising higher and higher, and as his intoxication gradually wore off, he saw the horrible reality of the crime being committed against him.   Before he was completely enclosed, Fortunato apparently lost his sanity.â€Å"A succession of loud and shrill screams, bursting suddenly from the throat of the chained form, seemed to thrust me violently back,† writes the author.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fearful that his victim might have escaped, he unsheathed his rapier (4).  Ã‚   Here is another proof that Montresor exercised forethought, arming himself for the trip just in case things went awry.As we consider the facts, it is clear that Montresor thought of every detail to carry out his vow of revenge, of which two foremost considerations must be satisfied: 1) the avenger was not to be caught, and 2) he must â€Å"make himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong.à ¢â‚¬ Ã‚     Ã‚  All his acts pointed to careful planning and execution of the crime: cultivating affection towards Fortunato, buying the cask of Amontillado, bringing the mortar and stone   to the secret niche, waiting for the height of the carnival season to carry out the plan.   The police must have looked for Fortunato in the usual places except in the crypt.Knowing he was in frail health, they must have written him off as having drunk away the night and ended up a victim of some drunken brawl or robbery.     Ã‚  The old rampart of bones that covered the niche was not disturbed for half a century (5).   Even if they could produce some circumstantial evidence against Montresor, like being last seen with him,   such evidence would not stand in court, as the corpus delicti must first be proved.  Ã‚   His crime was not found in his lifetime.  Ã‚   Thus he lived up to the motto of the Montresors: nemo me impune lacessit.WORK CITEDPoe, Edgar Allan.   â€Å"The Cas k of Amontillado†.  Ã‚   15 February 2007.

10 Famous Sonnet Examples, Explained

10 Famous Sonnet Examples, Explained SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You've probably heard about sonnets in your English class, so you already know that sonnets are an important poetic form. But it can be tough to understand what they're saying! The good news is that everyone can learn to understand poetry. It just takes practice! That's why we've picked the top 10 famous sonnets of all time and explained them. Reading the sonnet alongside an expert explanation will help you not only understand what the sonnet's about, but it will help you test your own analytical skills, too. To help you master the sonnet, our guide is going to do the following: Define the term â€Å"sonnet† List and analyze the top ten sonnets of all time List our top five resources for learning more about sonnets Now, without further delay, let’s check out some sonnets and sonnet examples! What Is a Sonnet? A sonnet is a type of poem that is comprised of fourteen lines of verse that follow a specific rhyme scheme, depending on the type of sonnet. The word â€Å"sonnet† comes from the Italian word sonetto. And what does it mean? Literally, â€Å"little song.† Since sonnets follow a strict rhyme scheme, they can definitely sound melodic when read aloud. The different origins of the sonnet in Italy and England resulted in the creation of different rhyme schemes, topics, and themes of sonnets. However, any sonnet, no matter the type, is going to have the following: 14 lines A particular rhyme scheme Iambic pentameter For more information, be sure to check out this article that talks about the elements of a sonnet in more detail. (It also explains the different types of sonnets, too!) The 10 Most Famous Sonnets of All Time, Explained To understand sonnets better, it helps to look at examples. And guess what? That’s what we’re going to do! We’ve chosen the top 10 sonnets of all time. For each poem, we’re going to give you background info on each sonnet, identify the type of each sonnet example, and briefly analyze the poem. The first five in our list are Shakespearean sonnet examples, and the last five in our list of sonnet examples touch on the different types of sonnets, including Spencerian, Modern English, Miltonic, and Italian/Petrarchan sonnet examples. And, remember: interpretations of the meaning of literary works are always somewhat subjective, so feel free to add your own analyses or research to our readings of these top 10 sonnet examples too! #1: My Mistress’ Eyes Are Nothing Like the Sun, by William Shakespeare (Shakespearean Sonnet) My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun;Coral is far more red than her lips' red;If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun;If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head.I have seen roses damasked, red and white,But no such roses see I in her cheeks;And in some perfumes is there more delightThan in the breath that from my mistress reeks.I love to hear her speak, yet well I knowThat music hath a far more pleasing sound;I grant I never saw a goddess go;My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground.And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare. Here’s the first Shakespearean sonnet on our list- and it’s one of Shakespeare’s most famous. Like many sonnets, this one praises the appearance of the poet’s lady love..but with a unique twist. Specifically, the poet is comparing his mistress’s appearance to the things we often find beautiful in nature: bright, red coral, white snow, red and white roses. But, the poet isn’t making these comparisons in a complementary way. In fact, he’s claiming that his mistress’s beauty is nothing like the bright sun, the red rose, and the white snow! What’s the deal with that?! But then the volta happens in the couplet. In a sonnet, a volta is the turn, or the moment where the poet shifts his topic. In a sonnet, this is usually the moment where the poet answers the question he poses in the earlier verses! Let's take a look at how the volta works in this poem. In the three quatrains, the poet sticks to that theme: his lady love’s beauty pales in comparison to the natural beauties he observes around him. When we get to the couplet, however, the tone shifts abruptly with the use of the phrase, â€Å"And yet.† Even though his mistress’s eyes don’t shine like the sun and her lips aren’t as red as a rose, the poet still finds her rare and beautiful anyway. So why does the poet describe his mistress like this? It seems kind of rude to bring up all the ways that her beauty doesn’t live up to the vividness of nature. But Shakespeare’s point in this sonnet isn’t really about his mistress at all: it’s a satire about the false, idealized image of feminine beauty often portrayed in sonnets during the Elizabethan Era. Shakespeare is basically making fun of this tendency to use the sonnet to laud an impossible and unattainable image of feminine beauty by painting a realistic picture of his mistress and emphasizing that he loves her the way that she is. (It’s the modern equivalent of loving someone with #nofilter.) #2: "Shall I Compare Thee To A Summers’ Day?"by William Shakespeare (Shakespearean Sonnet) Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer’s lease hath all too short a date;Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance or nature’s changing course untrimm'd;But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. Unlike our first example, this sonnet keeps with the traditional theme of comparing the beauty of the poet’s love interest to the beautiful aspects of nature. This sonnet seems to take a more traditional approach to comparing â€Å"thee†- likely the poet’s love interest- to the pleasant aspects of nature than the first sonnet in our list. This time, the poet’s love interest even more lovely than a summer’s day! But the poet is talking about more here than simply his love interest’s looks: he’s talking about her youth. Here’s how we know that: the poet mentions how summer is too short, how nature changes course, and how that which is â€Å"fair† declines as time passes. The poet is talking about how, as time passes, we grow old! If you want to think about youth and age in terms of seasons like the poet does, you could associate youth with summer, and aging with the transition into fall and winter as the earth grows cold and the leaves fall from the trees. And that’s exactly what happens to the poet’s love interest over the course of the poem. But! At the beginning of the third quatrain, the poet makes use of a volta: â€Å"But thy eternal summer shall not fade.† In the second section of the sonnet, the poet associates his love interest’s youthfulness with more than just age and appearance. These things, the poet seems to say, can transcend the passing of time because they are a way of being, rather than a way of looking. Don’t worry: it made us say â€Å"awww,† too. #3: "That Time Of Year Thou Mayest In Me Behold"by William Shakespeare (Shakespearean Sonnet) That time of year thou mayst in me beholdWhen yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hangUpon those boughs which shake against the cold,Bare ruin'd choirs, where late the sweet birds sang.In me thou see'st the twilight of such dayAs after sunset fadeth in the west,Which by and by black night doth take away,Death's second self, that seals up all in rest.In me thou see'st the glowing of such fireThat on the ashes of his youth doth lie,As the death-bed whereon it must expire,Consum'd with that which it was nourish'd by.This thou perceiv'st, which makes thy love more strong,To love that well which thou must leave ere long. This Shakespearean sonnet is addressed to a particular reader, called â€Å"the Fair Youth,† and also deals with the theme of old age. In this sonnet, the three quatrains each present a different metaphor for the poet’s experience with aging, signaled by the phrase, â€Å"In me thou see’st.† The first quatrain compares the poet’s aging to the death of autumn and nature’s transition into winter. The second quatrain compares the poet’s aging to the death of the daytime as the sun sets and night takes over. The third and final quatrain compares the poet’s aging to a slowly dying fire. As usual, the shift, or volta, comes with the couplet at the end of the sonnet. The poet claims that the Fair Youth can see this aging occurring when he looks upon the poet, but that witnessing the poet’s aging makes him love the poet even more in anticipation of the poet’s eventual death. Shakespeare’s use of the three metaphors build a strong connection between humans’ experience of aging and dying and the natural cycles of the universe. One way to read this is that aging and dying is a natural process- one that connects humans more deeply to the universe. And as a result, it’s important to value people while they’re still with us. The poem "If There Be Nothing New, But That Which Is" plays on the old adage, "There is nothing new under the sun." #4: "If There Be Nothing New, But That Which Is" by William Shakespeare (Shakespearean Sonnet) If there be nothing new, but that which isHath been before, how are our brains beguil'd,Which, labouring for invention, bear amissThe second burthen of a former child!O, that record could with a backward look,Even of five hundred courses of the sun,Show me your image in some antique book,Since mind at first in character was done!That I might see what the old world could sayTo this composed wonder of your frame;Whether we are mended, or whe'r better they,Or whether revolution be the same.O! sure I am, the wits of former daysTo subjects worse have given admiring praise. The fourth Shakespearean sonnet on our list also comes from what is known as the Fair Youth Sequence of 1609- a sequence of 154 sonnets that chronicles the poet’s expressions of love towards a young man. This particular sonnet muses on the age-old idea that there is nothing new under the sun. That notion is adapted from the biblical book of Ecclesiastes, and it essentially claims that things in life happen cyclically. Shakespeare struggles to articulate worthy praise of the youth because the praise he would give to the youth has already been written in the past about others from history. His brain â€Å"labours for invention,† searching for words that would demonstrate how the youth is set apart from all these lesser beauties from the past. In fact, the poet argues that if the youth had lived in â€Å"the old world,† those around him would have failed to adequately describe the youth’s beauty and character. In the final couplet, the poet questions the judgment of all those from the past who lauded the beauty of others who came before (the â€Å"wits of former days†) because Shakespeare is confident that there is something new under the sun: the incomparable beauty of his love interest. #5: "Not Marble Nor the Gilded Monuments" by William Shakespeare (Shakespearean Sonnet) Not marble nor the gilded monumentsOf princes shall outlive this powerful rhyme,But you shall shine more bright in these contentsThan unswept stone besmeared with sluttish time.When wasteful war shall statues overturn,And broils root out the work of masonry,Nor Mars his sword nor war’s quick fire shall burnThe living record of your memory.’Gainst death and all-oblivious enmityShall you pace forth; your praise shall still find roomEven in the eyes of all posterityThat wear this world out to the ending doom.So, till the Judgement that yourself arise,You live in this, and dwell in lovers’ eyes. This sonnet deals with the theme of the passage of time and the lasting power of words. Writing again to the Fair Youth, Shakespeare describes how written words- like those in this poem!- are far more effective at preserving things as time passes than physical, human-built monuments. And, what, exactly, is the specific â€Å"thing† that his poem is preserving? It’s the image and memory of the youth, which is represented by the â€Å"you† he addresses throughout the poem. Shakespeare exaggerates his memory of the youth by juxtaposing it with descriptions of strong, durable human-made things that will crumble and decay over time. Marble, gilded monuments of princes, stone and statues, and the work of masonry will all fail to outlive the poet’s memory of the youth. In fact, because of the way that a poem can easily be passed down to future generations, Shakespeare’s praise of his beloved will live forever. #6: "How Do I Love Thee?" by Elizabeth Barrett Browning (Petrarchan/Italian Sonnet) How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.I love thee to the depth and breadth and heightMy soul can reach, when feeling out of sightFor the ends of being and ideal grace.I love thee to the level of every day'sMost quiet need, by sun and candle-light.I love thee freely, as men strive for right.I love thee purely, as they turn from praise. I love thee with the passion put to useIn my old griefs, and with my childhood's faith.I love thee with a love I seemed to loseWith my lost saints. I love thee with the breath,Smiles, tears, of all my life; and, if God choose,I shall but love thee better after death. The last five sonnets on our list branch out into different poets and different types of sonnets. This sonnet is by Elizabeth Barrett Browning, an English poet of the Victorian Era, and is written in Petrarchan form. Published in 1850, â€Å"How Do I Love Thee?† is easily Barrett Browning’s most famous sonnet. In Barrett Browning’s poem, readers encounter something rare- a woman’s perspective on love. In the octave that comprises the first part of the poem, the speaker poses a question to her lover: â€Å"How do I love thee?†, then proceeds to count the many ways that she loves this person. In making her list of the ways that she loves this person, the speaker explores extremes and limits: she loves him to her soul’s full capacity, freely and purely. The volta occurs as the sestet begins, and the speaker turns to the past to draw upon more comparisons for her present love for her lover. In looking to the past, the speaker continues to rely on extremes to explain her love: the extreme passion one feels in moments of grief, the extreme purity of a child’s faith. The poem concludes with one final extreme: even after death, the speaker will continue loving her lover. She seems to imply that her love will be immortalized, made perfect in its endurance after death. #7: "Sonnet 75" from Edmund Spenser’s Amoretti (Spencerian Sonnet) One day I wrote her name upon the strand,But came the waves and washed it away:Again I write it with a second hand,But came the tide, and made my pains his prey.Vain man, said she, that doest in vain assay,A mortal thing so to immortalize,For I myself shall like to this decay,And eek my name be wiped out likewise.Not so, (quod I) let baser things deviseTo die in dust, but you shall live by fame:My verse, your virtues rare shall eternize,And in the heavens write your glorious name.Where whenas death shall all the world subdue,Our love shall live, and later life renew. Here’s an example of a Spenserian sonnet, which was originally published in 1595. The theme of this poem is similar to that of Shakespeare’s â€Å"Not Marble Nor the Gilded Monuments† because it is concerned with the idea of eternalizing the memory of the poet’s lover. (Are you starting to see ow sonnets often deal with common themes?) In the first quatrain, the poet chronicles his attempts to write his beloved’s name â€Å"upon the strand† (â€Å"strand† is just another word for the seashore), but finds it continually washed away by ocean tides. In the second quatrain, it appears that the beloved speaks to the poet, using both meanings of the word â€Å"vain† to tell the poet that only a vain man would continue making vain attempts to immortalize something that is mortal. She points out that she will eventually succumb to death...just like her name written in the sand. In the third quatrain, the poet speaks back to his beloved, telling her how he will defy death to eternalize her: through the fame his poetic verses will bring her. In fact, his poetry is going to do one better than writing her name in the sand. His poetry is going to be so exquisite that it will write her name in the heavens. This is another sonnet that praises the ability of poetry to transcend the death and decay that mortal bodies experience as time passes. "When I Consider How My Light Is Spent" is a Miltonic Sonnet about both literal blindness and the blindness of the soul. #8: "When I Consider How My Light is Spent" by John Milton (Miltonic Sonnet) When I consider how my light is spent,Ere half my days, in this dark world and wide,And that one Talent which is death to hideLodged with me useless, though my Soul more bent To serve therewith my Maker, and presentMy true account, lest he returning chide; â€Å"Doth God exact day-labour, light denied?†I fondly ask. But patience, to prevent That murmur, soon replies, â€Å"God doth not needEither man’s work or his own gifts; who bestBear his mild yoke, they serve him best. His state Is Kingly. Thousands at his bidding speedAnd post o’er Land and Ocean without rest:They also serve who only stand and wait.† This is a Miltonic sonnet- which was originally published in 1673- is sometimes titled â€Å"On His Blindness† in reference to Milton’s experience of going blind. However, Milton’s use of the word â€Å"light† here might just mean his vision or perspective on life. In the octave- the first eight lines of the sonnet- Milton worries that he has â€Å"spent† the â€Å"light,† or vision and wisdom, in his life poorly. Milton’s reference to the â€Å"Talent† that is useless within him reinforces this worry. The mention of the â€Å"Talent† is a reference to a parable in the biblical book of Matthew 25, wherein a young man buries away resources he is given rather than sharing them with the world. Milton is worried that God will see that he has used the light that he was given unwisely and chastise him for it, which is exactly what happened to the young man in the parable. The sestet- the last six lines- answer Milton’s earlier question about whether he’s used his talents well. While Milton feels that maybe he would have better served his Maker through hard â€Å"day-labour,† â€Å"patience† speaks up and reassures him that God needs more than one kind of servant. In addition to those who work themselves to the bone in service to their Maker, God needs those who serve by standing and waiting. In the end, the poem argues that those who wait for God to lead them are true servants as well. #9: "What My Lips Have Kissed, and Where, and Why" by Edna St. Vincent Millay (Petrarchan/Italian Sonnet) What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why,I have forgotten, and what arms have lainUnder my head till morning; but the rainIs full of ghosts tonight, that tap and sighUpon the glass and listen for reply,And in my heart there stirs a quiet painFor unremembered lads that not againWill turn to me at midnight with a cry.Thus in winter stands the lonely tree,Nor knows what birds have vanished one by one,Yet knows its boughs more silent than before:I cannot say what loves have come and gone,I only know that summer sang in meA little while, that in me sings no more. Edna St. Vincent Millay, a prolific poet of the early twentieth century, writes a Petrarchan sonnet here. â€Å"What My Lips Have Kissed† takes up the traditional theme of musing on lost loves. As a Petrarchan sonnet, the octave at the beginning embodies a tone of remembrance of the past loves, and when the turn comes with the final sestet, shifts into a tone of mourning. But unlike many traditional sonnets- like the ones we’ve looked at by Shakespeare and Spenser- Millay’s isn’t about praising the beauty and character of her past loves at all. She even admits that she forgot â€Å"what lips [her] lips have kissed† awhile ago. She can’t even remember where she kissed these men, or why she kissed them! Instead, Millay’s sonnet wistfully praises the memory of the way those past loves made her feel, putting a more modern spin on the sonnet’s traditional theme. Though she â€Å"cannot say what loves have come and gone,† again emphasizing that this sonnet isn’t really about the lovers themselves, she knows that â€Å"summer sang in [her]† for a short while during those loves. That feeling of summer in her heart is what she feels she has lost, and that is what she mourns and pays tribute to in this sonnet. A portrait of the poet Billy Collins.(David Shankbone/Flickr) #10: "Sonnet" by Billy Collins (Modern Sonnet) All we need is fourteen lines, well, thirteen now,and after this next one just a dozento launch a little ship on love's storm-tossed seas,then only ten more left like rows of beans.How easily it goes unless you get Elizabethanand insist the iambic bongos must be playedand rhymes positioned at the ends of lines,one for every station of the cross.But hang on here while we make the turninto the final six where all will be resolved,where longing and heartache will find an end,where Laura will tell Petrarch to put down his pen,take off those crazy medieval tights,blow out the lights, and come at last to bed. For our tenth and final sonnet in our list of sonnet poem examples, we have a more modern English sonnet by the contemporary American poet, Billy Collins. In this poem, which was published in 1999, Collins muses on the traditional form and structure of the sonnet! (It’s very meta.) His â€Å"Sonnet† reflects on what meaning we can derive from looking more closely at these features of the traditional sonnet. If you want a crash course in the traditional sonnet, Collins’ â€Å"Sonnet† could actually help with that. His poem identifies all of the elements of traditional sonnets: 14 lines, themes relating to love, iambic pentameter, strict rhyme schemes, the volta, and a resolution to the subject at the end of the sonnet. He even references the Elizabethan sonnet specifically and Petrarch himself! So what’s the point of writing a sonnet about a sonnet, anyway? It really just seems like Collins is trying to make sonnets accessible to the everyday reader! The traditional form of the sonnet, with all of its strict requirements about stressed and unstressed syllables and rhyme schemes, can feel intimidating...especially if you’re asked to write one yourself. We might even call Collins’ breakdown of the sonnet playful. He’s showing that it’s okay for modern writers to play with the form of the sonnet in their own writing too. Our Top 5 Resources For Learning More About Sonnets Since sonnets are one of the most important literary forms of all time, there are a lot of resources out there that can help you learn more about sonnets! We’ve put together a list of our top five picks for resources that can expand your knowledge of sonnets. Our list includes online resources, a few books, and even a pop culture take on sonnets. And all of these resources include more sonnet poem examples than you could need. What the variety in this list really shows is that sonnets continue to fascinate people, and they remain culturally relevant to this day! The Poetry Foundation If self-directed, exploratory learning is your kind of thing, you might enjoy learning more about sonnets through the Poetry’s Foundation’s website. The Poetry Foundation is an independent literary organization whose primary goal is to give the public free access to all things related to poetry. With that in mind, you can use the Poetry Foundation’s website to read tons of sonnet poem examples, explore poets’ biographical profiles, peruse brief analytic articles, essays, and blog posts on sonnets, and even listen to audio recordings of readings of sonnets. We recommend getting started by using the website’s search bar to search â€Å"sonnet† and seeing where that leads. One thing to note: The Poetry Foundation isn’t just dedicated to sonnets, so there’s a lot going on there. But if you’re down for an adventure, The Poetry Foundation provides a great way to learn more about sonnets! Shakespeare’s Sonnets Anyone who’s looking for a deep-dive into the poets and sonnets of the Elizabethan Era should look no further than Shakespeare’s Sonnets, which is an online resource that provides full-text of all of Shakespeare’s sonnets with descriptive commentary. The site also includes many sonnet examples by other notable Elizabethan poets, particularly Edmund Spenser, Philip Sidney, Michael Drayton, and Sir Thomas Wyatt. We like this resource for its consistency and simplicity: each sonnet has its own page, and each page follows the exact same structure. First is the full text of the sonnet, then a brief overview of the sonnet’s key themes, then a line-by-line explication of the entire sonnet. It’s easy to use, and if you need a kickstart on sonnet analysis, this resource could be your go-to. The Making of A Sonnet: A Norton Anthology If we could describe this resource on sonnets in one word, we’d go with â€Å"comprehensive.† (Norton Anthologies are often used as textbooks for high school and college-level courses for a reason, after all.) This anthology traces the history of sonnets across five hundred years, analyzing the major figures and events that have made the sonnet into what it is today. This anthology is full of valuable material, too, including 300 different sonnets. Another notable feature for any educators out there is the â€Å"Ten Questions for a Sonnet Workshop,† included in the anthology’s appendix, which are designed to spark conversations about reading, writing, and workshopping sonnets. Pop Sonnets: Shakespearean Spins On Your Favorite Songs This book is definitely a fun take on the sonnet. (Yes, books on sonnets can be fun, we promise!) Pop Sonnets features 100 classic pop songs reimagined as Shakespearean sonnets. The book has a great sense of humor, and it builds a bridge between traditional poetry and popular culture. If you’re looking for a non-traditional approach to thinking about famous sonnets, this resource is a winner. Pop Sonnets is a great inspirational resource for both students and educators, too. As a student, this book can help you figure out new, creative approaches to tackling class projects. And if you’re a teacher looking for engaging, innovative ways to teach sonnets to your students, Pop Sonnets is a fantastic companion. Shakespeare’s Sonnets, Retold Our last resource on sonnets gives another contemporary take on the traditional sonnet form. Shakespeare’s Sonnets, Retold rewrites Shakespeare’s entire series of sonnets using modern language, but keeps to the rhythm and rhyme schemes that make them so memorable. If you’re the kind of reader who wants to experience the magic of Shakespeare’s famous sonnets on your own, without having them over-explained but you struggle to understand the Elizabethan language, this book could be your entry point into understanding Shakespeare’s sonnets all on your own. Shakespeare’s Sonnets, Retold is another excellent educational resource for English teachers looking to make sonnets relatable for today’s students. The book is also super current- it was published in August 2018! What’s Next? Did you read the analyses above and...well, wonder how the heck to come up with an analysis yourself? Never fear: all it takes is making sure you have the right tools for the job. Here’s a list of the 31 literary devices you need to know (and a guide to the 9 literary elements that are present in every poem ever). If you’re not quite sure what a literary device is or how to use it, that’s okay! Here are some in-depth posts on imagery, assonance, point of view, and personification that define these important terms and show you how to find them in literature. When it comes to understanding poetry, it’s really helpful to see how others analyze poems. Luckily, we have great resources for you! Check out this post that walks you through a complete analysis of John Donne’s â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good night.† These recommendations are based solely on our knowledge and experience. If you purchase an item through one of our links PrepScholar may receive a commission. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Ashley Robinson About the Author Ashley Sufflà © Robinson has a Ph.D. in 19th Century English Literature. As a content writer for PrepScholar, Ashley is passionate about giving college-bound students the in-depth information they need to get into the school of their dreams. 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Free Essays on Motors And Generators

Electric Motors and Generators, group of devices used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, or electrical energy into mechanical energy, by electromagnetic means. A machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy is called a generator, alternator, or dynamo, and a machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy is called a motor. Two related physical principles underlie the operation of generators and motors. The first is the principle of electromagnetic induction discovered in 1831 by the British scientist and inventor Michael Faraday. If a conductor is moved through a magnetic field, or if the strength of a magnetic field passing through a stationary conducting loop is made to vary, a current is set up or â€Å"induced† in the conductor. The converse of this principle is that of electromagnetic reaction, first observed by the French physicist Andrà © Marie Ampà ¨re in 1820. If a current is passed through a conductor located in a magnetic field, the field exerts a mechanical force on it. The simplest of all dynamoelectric machines is the disc dynamo developed by Faraday. It consists of a copper disc that is mounted so that part of the disc, from the centre to the edge, is between the poles of a horseshoe magnet. When the disc is rotated a current is induced between the centre of the disc and its edge by the action of the field of the magnet. The disc can be made to operate as a motor by applying a voltage between the edge of the disc and its centre, causing the disc to rotate because of the force produced by magnetic reaction. Generally, in larger machines, electromagnets are employed. Both motors and generators consist of two basic units: the field, which is the electromagnet with its coils; and the armature, which is the structure supporting the conductors that cut the magnetic field and carry the induced current in a generator, or the exciting current in a motor. The armature is usually a... Free Essays on Motors And Generators Free Essays on Motors And Generators Electric Motors and Generators, group of devices used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, or electrical energy into mechanical energy, by electromagnetic means. A machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy is called a generator, alternator, or dynamo, and a machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy is called a motor. Two related physical principles underlie the operation of generators and motors. The first is the principle of electromagnetic induction discovered in 1831 by the British scientist and inventor Michael Faraday. If a conductor is moved through a magnetic field, or if the strength of a magnetic field passing through a stationary conducting loop is made to vary, a current is set up or â€Å"induced† in the conductor. The converse of this principle is that of electromagnetic reaction, first observed by the French physicist Andrà © Marie Ampà ¨re in 1820. If a current is passed through a conductor located in a magnetic field, the field exerts a mechanical force on it. The simplest of all dynamoelectric machines is the disc dynamo developed by Faraday. It consists of a copper disc that is mounted so that part of the disc, from the centre to the edge, is between the poles of a horseshoe magnet. When the disc is rotated a current is induced between the centre of the disc and its edge by the action of the field of the magnet. The disc can be made to operate as a motor by applying a voltage between the edge of the disc and its centre, causing the disc to rotate because of the force produced by magnetic reaction. Generally, in larger machines, electromagnets are employed. Both motors and generators consist of two basic units: the field, which is the electromagnet with its coils; and the armature, which is the structure supporting the conductors that cut the magnetic field and carry the induced current in a generator, or the exciting current in a motor. The armature is usually a...

Biography of Betty Friedan, Feminist, Writer, Activist

Biography of Betty Friedan, Feminist, Writer, Activist Betty Friedan (February 4, 1921–February 4, 2006) was an author and activist whose seminal 1963 book The Feminine Mystique is credited with helping spark the modern feminist movement in the United States. Among her other accomplishments, Friedan was the founder and first president of the National Organization for Women (NOW). Fast Facts: Betty Friedan Known For: Helping spark the modern feminist movement; founder and first president of the National Organization of WomenAlso Known As: Betty Naomi GoldsteinBorn: February 4, 1921 in Peoria, IllinoisParents: Harry M. Goldstein, Miriam Goldstein  Horwitz OberndorfDied: February 4, 2006 in Washington, D.C.Education: Smith College  (BA), University of California, Berkeley (M.A.)Published Works: The Feminine Mystique (1963), The Second Stage (1981), Life so Far (2000)Awards and Honors: Humanist of the Year from the American Humanist Association (1975), Mort Weisinger Award from the American Society of Journalists and Authors (1979), Induction into the National Womens Hall of Fame (1993)Spouse: Carl Friedan (m. 1947–1969)Children: Daniel, Emily, JonathanNotable Quote:  A woman is handicapped by her sex, and handicaps society, either by slavishly copying the pattern of mans advance in the professions or by refusing to compete with man at all. Early Years Friedan was born on February 4, 1921, in Peoria, Illinois as Betty Naomi Goldstein. Her parents were immigrant Jews. Her father was a jeweler and her mother, who had been an editor of the womens pages of a newspaper, left her job to become a homemaker. Bettys mother was unhappy in that choice, and she pushed Betty to get a college education and pursue a career. Betty later dropped out of her doctoral program at the University of California at Berkeley, where she was studying group dynamics, and moved to New York to pursue a career. During World War II, she worked as a reporter for a labor service, and had to give up her job to a veteran who returned at the end of the war. She worked as a clinical psychologist and social researcher along with being a writer. She met and married theatrical producer Carl Friedan, and they moved to Greenwich Village. She took a maternity leave from her job for their first child; she was fired when she asked for maternity leave for her second child in 1949. The union gave her no help in fighting this firing, and so she became a housewife and mother, living in the suburbs. She also wrote freelance magazine articles, many for magazines directed at the middle-class housewife. Survey of Smith Graduates In 1957, for the 15th reunion of her graduating class at Smith, Friedan was asked to survey her classmates on how theyd used their education. She found that 89% were not using their education. Most were unhappy in their roles. Friedan analyzed the results and consulted experts. She found that both women and men were trapped in limiting roles. Friedan wrote up her results and tried to sell the article to magazines but could find no buyers. So she turned her work into a book, which was published in 1963 as The Feminine Mystique. It became a best-seller, eventually translated into 13 languages. Celebrity and Involvement Friedan also became a celebrity as a result of the book. She moved with her family back to the city and she became involved in the growing womens movement. In June 1966, she attended a Washington meeting of state commissions on the status of women. Friedan was among those present who decided that the meeting was unsatisfying, as it didnt generate any actions to implement the findings on the inequality of women. So in 1966, Friedan joined other women in founding the National Organization for Women (NOW). Friedan served as its first president for three years. In 1967, the first NOW convention took on the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion, though NOW viewed the abortion issue as highly controversial and focused more on political and employment equality. In 1969, Friedan helped found the National Conference for the Repeal of Abortion Laws to focus more on the abortion issue; this organization changed its name after the Roe v. Wade decision to become the National Abortion Rights Action League (NARAL). In that same year, she stepped down as NOW president. In 1970, Friedan led in organizing the Womens Strike for Equality on the 50th anniversary of winning the vote for women. The turnout was beyond expectations; 50,000 women participated in New York alone. In 1971, Friedan helped form the National Womens Political Caucus for feminists who wanted to work through the traditional political structure, including political parties, and running or supporting women candidates. She was less active in NOW, which became more concerned with revolutionary action and sexual politics; Friedan was among those who wanted more focus on political and economic equality. Lavender Menace Friedan also took a controversial stand on lesbians in the movement. NOW activists and others in the womens movement struggled over how much to take on issues of lesbian rights and how welcoming to be of movement participation and leadership by lesbians. For Friedan, lesbianism was not a womens rights or equality issue but a matter of private life, and she warned the issue might diminish support for womens rights, using the term lavender menace. Later Years and Death In 1976, Friedan published It Changed My Life, with her thoughts on the womens movement. She urged the movement to avoid acting in ways that made it difficult for mainstream men and women to identify with feminism. By the 1980s, she was more critical of the focus on sexual politics among feminists. She published The Second Stage in 1981. In her 1963 book, Friedan wrote of the feminine mystique and the housewifes question, Is this all? Now Friedan wrote of the feminist mystique and the difficulties of trying to be Superwoman, doing it all. She was criticized by many feminists as abandoning the feminist critique of traditional womens roles, while Friedan credited the rise of Reagan and rightwing conservatism and various Neanderthal forces to the failure of feminism to value family life and children. In 1983, Friedan began to focus on researching fulfillment in the older years, and in 1993 published her findings as The Fountain of Age. In 1997, she published Beyond Gender: The New Politics of Work and Family Friedans writings, from The Feminine Mystique through Beyond Gender, were also criticized for representing the viewpoint of white, middle-class, educated women and for ignoring other womens voices. Among her other activities, Friedan often lectured and taught at colleges, wrote for many magazines, and was an organizer and director of the First Womens Bank and Trust. Friedan died on February 4, 2006, in Washington, D.C. Legacy Despite all of her later work and activism, it was the The Feminine Mystique that truly launched the second-wave feminist movement. It has sold several million copies and been translated into multiple languages. It is a key text in Women’s Studies and U.S. history classes. For years, Friedan toured the United States speaking about The Feminine Mystique and introducing audiences to her groundbreaking work and to feminism. Women have repeatedly described how they felt when reading the book: They realized they were not alone and that they could aspire to something more than the life they were being encouraged or even forced to lead. The idea Friedan expresses is that if women escaped the confines of â€Å"traditional† notions of femininity, they could then truly enjoy being women. Sources Friedan, Betty.  The Feminine Mystique. W.W. Norton Company, 2013.â€Å"Betty Friedan.†Ã‚  National Womens History MuseumFindagrave.com. Find a Grave.

Persuading against gun control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Persuading against gun control - Essay Example This essay persuades against gun control and its implementation.The immediate damage guns do in assaults, homicides, unintentional shootings, amounting to more than a million deaths since 1965 and about three times that number of injuries, cannot be denied. Indeed, in considering, the potential benefits of sentencing enhancements for gun use in crime, a ban on particularly dangerous types of guns, or more stringent regulation of gun commerce, the first question must be whether that policy will save lives and increase public safety or not, and even if the answer is yes, then there remains a second, more subtle question as to what would be the measures taken in order to make the policy effective in public safety†? Efforts have always been taken to keep guns away from those deemed at high risk for misusing them and has been an important goal of gun policy. â€Å"The most promising new option in design is to ‘personalize’ guns, thereby preventing them from being fired by persons other than the authorized owner and in such way convict not to implement gun control . This technology along with a variety of different technological options holds some promise for saving lives by making guns inoperable to despondent members of society. If we analyze the sequence of events that leads to a shooting, we would come to know many facts like â€Å"the assailant must acquire the gun, bring or carry it to the scene of the encounter, and then deploy it against the victim. Law enforcement and regulatory agencies may intervene in any of these three areas ". (Cook, 2000, p. 31) Here are some examples of where and how such interventions can be focused:

What drives Chinese into Buying Luxury Goods in the 21 century Essay

What drives Chinese into Buying Luxury Goods in the 21 century - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that China’s luxury market has turned into a lucrative business over the recent years. Chinese consumers are becoming more brand conscious, becoming shrewder in their tastes, and making a better exertion to comprehend the traditional brands. China has become the second largest market for luxury goods in the world. The Chinese economy is growing day by day and her people are buying expensively priced branded commodities. Â  They buy these things not only within China but also from other countries as tourists. A rapidly growing upper and middle class are seen as bent on enhancing their individuality by buying luxury goods. China has been reported to have already overtaken the United States and Japan in terms of luxury items purchases. Â  China has worked hard to achieve economic prosperity, producing current generations of millionaires. Â  Accordingly, this generation has been spending a large amount in the luxury market day by day and Chinese are becoming more dynamic and active buyers in the market. China has emerged as the biggest purchaser of luxury goods in the world market. Chinese consumers are showing great interest in buying luxury goods these days, and this has not been left unnoticed by the global luxury market. The United States, Japan, and Europe, who have been the top consumers of luxury goods, are indeed quite surprised with the growing appetite of Chinese for luxury items. Nearly all Chinese visiting Paris have bought expensive bags without looking at its price tags.

Studies about Hand-raising for Kindergarteners Essay

Studies about Hand-raising for Kindergarteners - Essay Example Here, we review three articles relating to hand-raising with respect to behavioral training. In an early study, investigators used a class of twenty four, 9 to 12 year old behaviorally challenged students (21 male, three female) at the Garfield School in Salt Lake City, Utah (Greenwood, C. R., Sloane, H. N., Jr., & Baskin, A., 1974). A training procedure and two maintenance contingencies on consequence dispensing behavior were explored. Four peer behavior managers were trained to supervise four to six subjects each to work in programmed math materials. Their behavior was compared with a teacher skilled in the use of social and point reinforcement and response cost. A component of many of the appropriate behaviors was hand-raising. The training was partially effective in increasing rates of appropriate social and point dispensing behaviors in managers. Manager reinforcement contingent consequence-dispensing behavior in managers resulted in moderately higher rates of appropriate social and point dispensing behavior for three of four subjects than did having manager reinforcem ent contingent upon group study behavior. Two managers exposed to the group performance consequence before the manager performance consequence increased inappropriate social and point-dispensing behaviors to pre-training base levels. ... It included visual reminders, goal evaluation, positive reinforcement, and constructive feedback at regular intervals. Outcome of three measures of peripheral variables (direct observations of hand raising frequency and talking out of turn during the group sessions and Conners conduct problem ratings). The cueing procedure resulted in significant and robust improvement in two of the three peripheral measures (hand raising frequency ES = 2.73; talking out of turn ES = 2.89). This underscores the benefit of using a theoretical framework for guiding the design and evaluation of therapeutic interventions for children with ADHD. At a professional conference, researchers presented the case studies of two individuals. Jim is a ninth grade bilingual student who has been referred for special education services due to his poor academic performance (Miller, K., Koury, K., Mitchem, K., Fitzgerald, G., & Hollingsead, C., 2005). One of the target behaviors selected for improvement was the raising of the hand and waiting for permission to speak. As part of the intervention, Jim used a self monitoring point card system from KidTools to track his behavior in class. At a timer that sounded every five minutes, Jim recorded his behavior as on-task or off-task. At the end of the week, Jim earned points to purchase items while completing a reinforcement inventory if he was "on-task" for an average of at least 80% of the momentary time sampling opportunities. During the first three days of the intervention, Jim went from being off task on five time sampling observations to being 100% on-task. As reported by his teacher, the i ntervention was very successful as the occurrence of off-task behavior decreased and the student's on-task behavior

Critical Thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Critical Thinking - Essay Example verall there are various arguments placed suggesting the use of various important methods of rhetoric and language however the use of language is not appropriate at some place as Williams sometimes provide unilateral treatment to the issues. The first paragraph of the easy is very confusing in nature as Williams has tried to make a connection between the inefficiencies in governance with the money of the Tax payers. Further there is also a contrast in the argument when he mentions the secrecy provision which do not seem to be in continuation with the earlier sentences in the paragraph. The use of the word Political neglect in the subsequent paragraph points towards a general climate in the country where political rights of the individuals are completely neglected. This is unfair in the sense that it provides a very extremist view against the performance of the past Australian governments and almost unilaterally declares past Australian Governments as failure. The next stage of the paper is contrasting with the arguments made in the later part of the article. Williams do not seem to support its claims made in earlier part of the essay with that of being made in the later part. Williams use the word â€Å"rare opportunity to tackle them head on† suggests Author’s complete ignorance of the historical evolution of Australia. This also suggests that Williams is trying to stamp his conclusion in the article in earlier part of the paper. Being a scholar of high repute therefore does not necessarily means that the Williams is an authority in making conclusions based on pure use of guess work. In the next stage of his article Williams use the word â€Å"Stark Choice† which in itself an indication of the totality of his argument and suggest the use of language in the most of the part of the article as concluding in nature. Similarly in the following paragraph Williams make a contrasting argument that local government should remain in Australia. This is again a deviation

Usability of a Business Statistics and Research Course in the Field of Essay

Usability of a Business Statistics and Research Course in the Field of Information Technology Project Management - Essay Example hnology management involves analysis of business design, supervision of teams, preparation of project plans, designing databases and developing reports, the scope of business statistics and research involves principles of data collection, research design, and statistical analysis. The two professions therefore shares data management and communication of results as a common sub field. Sharma explains that developments in information technology have widened its scope to include applications that were previously undertaken by statisticians. He however identifies the technology to facilitate the analytical processes rather than being the basis of analysis (Sharma, p. 8). Business statistics and research, therefore, is used in developing designs for data collection and determination of appropriate type of analysis that is required for a data set. Information technology then validates and implements the designs for analysis (Sharma, p. 3, 8). Business statistics and research would therefore be applied in information technology project management by using it to develop a research and analysis framework that is then implemented by information technology project management

MBA Business and Economic Evironment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MBA Business and Economic Evironment - Essay Example As the interest rates change, so do the spending and saving patterns of the people. When interest rates increase the cost of borrowing money increases and hence people borrow lesser where as when there is a decrease in interest rates people are more inclined to borrowing money because the cost of borrowing is lower. This affects the aggregate demand and aggregate supply of a country because money is the basis of all transactions that take place in an economy and if the cost of borrowing money decreases the money demand in the economy would tend to increase and people will be more inclined to spend that money and hence the aggregate demand would increase and this would lead to more people being employed if the economy is not already operating at optimum level of productivity. On the other if interest rates tend to increase then the cost of borrowing increases and people are not willing to borrow, hence the aggregate demand for the economy would decrease and the would have adverse effe cts on the labor as well. An increase in the interest rates in Australia would definitely have the same effects as well and a decrease in aggregate demand is expected. Industrial point of View: If the interest rates are increasing the cost of borrowing for industries would go sky high because industrialists require huge sums of loans because of the industry and the operations that they need to carry out. A very important decision for the firms is based on the interest rates and their trends, the question is: to expand or not to expand The answer lies with the interest rates, if they are very high then the company might postpone their expansionary plans but if they are lower and within a safe limit then the company can go and expand. This applies to whole industries, if industries expand there would be much more labor required and there would be an increase in employment leading to an increase in aggregate demand. Hence if any government is looking to give a boost to its industrial set up it should take special care when dealing with interest rates because it might charter the course of a whole industry and any industry is important to the economy because it has a lot of oth er units such as labor and exports dependent upon such industries, though some governments have come up with industrial interest rates but still they serve the same function. Exchange Rates: The exchange rates of a country play an integral part in determining where the country is heading in the near future and also has far reaching consequences in policy making. Interest rates play a very important role in determining what a country's exchange rates would be, in fact they are also a tool to tamper with the exchange rates. If the interest rates are increasing in an economy, ceteris paribus, then there would be an inflow of foreign currency into that country because people would want to save their money in that country's banks because that would give them a higher return on their investments, when this takes place the demand for a country's currency on the foreign exchange market increases. On the other hand if the interest rat

Usability of a Business Statistics and Research Course in the Field of Essay

Usability of a Business Statistics and Research Course in the Field of Information Technology Project Management - Essay Example hnology management involves analysis of business design, supervision of teams, preparation of project plans, designing databases and developing reports, the scope of business statistics and research involves principles of data collection, research design, and statistical analysis. The two professions therefore shares data management and communication of results as a common sub field. Sharma explains that developments in information technology have widened its scope to include applications that were previously undertaken by statisticians. He however identifies the technology to facilitate the analytical processes rather than being the basis of analysis (Sharma, p. 8). Business statistics and research, therefore, is used in developing designs for data collection and determination of appropriate type of analysis that is required for a data set. Information technology then validates and implements the designs for analysis (Sharma, p. 3, 8). Business statistics and research would therefore be applied in information technology project management by using it to develop a research and analysis framework that is then implemented by information technology project management

Paper Towel Experiement Essay Example for Free

Paper Towel Experiement Essay My wife and I go through an enormous amount of paper products. We discuss often which brand works best for the price. Typically, we buy the brand Bounty for our paper towel selection. There is no particular reason why we buy this brand but it seems to be the one we get home with. After reviewing some other literature in regards to the paper towel experiment, I found some different results. According to Consumer Reports (2009), Brawny was the most absorbent of all of the 21 brands that they tested. They found that Brawny held 2  ½ ounces more per square foot on average than the other brands tested. However another consumer, Chelle from Yahoo’s Contributor Network, found that Bounty was the most absorbent paper towel. She tested Scott, Brawny, and Bounty. (2010) Twelve year old Samantha also performed an experiment on paper towels testing four brands: Bounty, Sparkle, Scott, and Western Family. Her hypothesis was that Bounty would be the most absorbent but after her experiment reported that Sparkle absorbing 50 ml of water on average. (2001) Mrs. McKee’s class from Arizona also did a paper towel experiment. They tested their school’s paper towel, Brawny, Bounty, Viva, Scott, and a generic brand. The results from their experiment showed that on average Viva was found to be the most absorbent. (2012) After looking at other research and preforming my literature review, I decided to test four paper towels: Bounty, Brawny, Viva, and Kroger Brand. I decided that I would use 200 ml of water and place each brand of the folded paper towel in the water five different times. I plan to squeeze the water into a beaker and measure how much water was absorbed. I would then take the average to find out which brand of paper towels was more abso rbent. Problem: What paper towel is the most absorbent and leads to the most cost effective? Materials: 1 Glass container labeled with ml to 750 ml 1 small beaker labeled with ml to 150 ml 1 stop watch 1 baby bottle (I only had one glass container with ml labeled) labeled with ml to 260 ml Paper Towels: Bounty, Brawny, Viva, and Kroger Generic Brand (4 brands X 5 sheets) Water 1 Funnel Pen and Paper Prices on the paper towels were how much I paid per roll, but with further investigation I found that the price per square foot was different. Independent Variables: Brand of Paper Towel, price per square foot Dependent Variable: Amount of Water Absorbed, Vivi sheets were much smaller than the other sheets and two sheets were used and cut to the same size as the other sheets – price is still based on per square foot for each paper towel Constants: Amount of water used in each trial, paper towel size, time exposed to the water, type of fluid (water used) I will make sure to use the timer to submerge the paper towels for the same amount of time. I will use the same measuring instruments for each experiment. Hypothesis: Because Bounty’s roll of paper towel cost the most, Bounty will absorb the most milliliters of water per square foot. I came up with this hypothesis because I wanted to show my wife how we could save money by continuing to buy the name brand paper towel. Data Collection Process: Each paper towel was folded four times to create a small square. Each paper towel was emerged into 200 ml of water and left for 20 seconds. Each paper towel was removed from the water allowing drip time of 5 seconds and then the remainder of the water was squeezed to a beaker. The left over water was poured into a baby bottle for measurement in milliliters. At first I was going to use the amount of water that I could squeeze out of the paper towel, but then I realized that some was still left over in the paper towel. To reduce the threats to internal validity, I then decided to subtract the amount of water left over from 200 ml to get an accurate reading of how much water was actually absorbed. Conclusion: Results from my experiment indicate that per square foot, Viva paper towels are the most absorbent. In addition, since Viva’s price per square foot was 4 cents, it would also be the most cost effective. Viva paper towels absorbed on average 8 more milliliters than Bounty and Brawny and 13.4 milliliters more than the generic Kroger brand. At first glance, Bounty looked like the most expensive paper towel with Viva 2nd. However, when you look at price per square foot, the price of Viva and Bounty are the same. Brawny is actually the most expensive per square foot. With this being said, my experiment refuted my hypothesis that Bounty was the most absorbent because it cost the most. Bounty was not the most cost effective because it did not absorb the most and the price per square foot was the same as Viva. Price per square foot indicated that Brawny was in fact the most expensive and it still was not the most absorbent. It is imperative when doing an experiment that the experiment is done with several trials and that the procedure are completed in the same manner. This adds to the validity and reliability of the experiment. To replicate this experiment, you must have the above materials. Choose at least 4 paper towel brands. Fold each paper towel (five trials per towel) four times. Submerge each paper towel individually into 200 milliliters of water for 20 seconds. Remove the paper towel, allowing it to drip for 5 seconds.  Measure how much water is remaining and subtract that number from 200 to see how much water the paper towel absorbed. Record this and continue the step for each of the remaining paper towels. It is recommended to do at least 5 trials per brand of paper towel. When others perform the same experiment, it validates the results from my experiment. References Chelle. (2010)Which Brand of Paper Towels is the Most Absorbent? Retrieved on October 27, 2012 from http://voices.yahoo.com/which-brand-paper-towels-most-absorbent-5714586.html?

Ordinary People and Good Will Hunting

Ordinary People and Good Will Hunting Both movies, Ordinary People and Good Will Hunting, describe the relations between therapists and their patients. Ordinary People represent the life of the family which tries to return to normal life after their teenage son Conrad makes a suicide attempt. After returning home from hospital Conrad decides to see psychiatrist Dr. Berger. Dr. Berger finds the source of suicidal behavior. He realizes that Conrad blames himself in the death of his older brother, Duck. Conrad suffers because of guild and posttraumatic stress. Conrad can not come in terms with his loss and suicide becomes his attempt to run away from pain and grief. Conrad was overshadowed by the talents and bright personality of Buck when he was alive and he can not overcome the feeling of guilt and estrangement from his friend and family when his brother is dead. In Good Will Hunting the main character is also haunted by the feeling of guilt and personal imperfection. This feeling is rooting in his difficult childhood and abusive parents. In both movies the main reasons of sense of guild and low self-esteem and estrangement from the people are result of family relations. In Good Will Hunting these feelings are the result of hard childhood and abusive parents, and in Ordinary People these feelings and provoked by terrible tragedy. In Ordinary People Dr. Berger makes everything possible to help Conrad to overcome his feeling of guild and to find strength to continue living. Personal talk and analysis are main methods the doctor uses. In Good Will Hunting Sean also makes everything possible to help his character to overcome the feeling of guilt and to come in touch with his real dreams and desires. Will: So what does it say? Will has an attachment disorder? Fear of abandonment? Is that why I broke up with Skylar? Sean: Didnt know you had. Wanna talk about it? [Will shakes his head, stares off] Sean: Will, you see this, all this shit? [Holds up the file, and drops it on his desk] Sean: Its not your fault. Will: [Softly, still staring off] I know Sean: No you dont. Its not your fault. Will: [Serious] I know. Sean: No. Listen to me son. Its not your fault (IBDM). In Good Will Hunting the protagonist, Will Hunting also goes the session of psychotherapy with Doctor Sean Maguire. Professor Gerald Lambeau takes patronage of ordinary janitor when he finds out about his extraordinary gift in mathematics. Session with the psychotherapist is one of Lambeaus necessary conditions he puts to Will in exchange for his help. Professor turns to the help of his childhood friend Sean. Sean does everything possible to find the reason of Wills behavior, his motifs and reasons. They use the method of psychoanalysis and personal talk. Their meetings also contain the elements of person-centered therapy and cognitive therapy. Doctor Sean wants to find the deepest reasons of his patients behavior. In the beginning of their professional relations Will does everything possible to sabotage the work of Sean. He does not want to come in Doctor Sean finds himself in difficult situation when he finds out that his patient has experienced same domestic violence and abuse as he himself did in the childhood. Now he has to deal with the problem he has experienced himself and from the one side it simplifies the task but from the other side makes it more difficult. Will: [Sean is going through Wills profile. Inside we see are pictures of Will after brutal assaults by his foster parents] You ever have any, uh, experience with that? Sean: Twenty years of counseling, Ive seen some pretty awful shit. Will: No. I mean, have you ever had any experience with that? Sean: Personally? Yeah. Yeah I have. [Sean looks away for a moment] Sean: Im sure it aint good (IBDM). Sean finally discovered deep feeling of guild which directs all thought and actions of Will. This feeling is rooted in childhood abuse and Sean wants his patients to get rid of this feeling. Will influences Sean as well. He became the driving force which makes the doctor to face his own problems and fears. Dr. Berger also meets a kind of moral dilemma while working with his patient. Conrads family can not provide him necessary support after the death of his brother, same like after his attempt to commit a suicide. Dr. Berger finds himself in a difficult situation and meets a kind of a moral dilemma. While he makes everything possible to prove Conrad that his parents really care for him and truly love him, he gradually finds out that Conrads mother Beth does not show any good attitude to her younger son. Beths feelings are frozen if any, and even when Conrad follows Dr Bergers advice and tells his mom about his feeling and hugs her she distances from him. To my opinion, despite both therapists show high professional level, they both make mistakes in their actions. Dr. Berger does not recognize the essence of relations between Conrad and his mother. He pushes the boy to reveal his feeling to his mother in order to be rejected again. Despite it finally clears up the situation, this experience is too hard for the teenager who experiences hard trauma after the death of his older brother. Dr. Maguire starts too personal relations with the patient. The patient provokes him to start dealing with his personal problems. Despite these facts are good for the plot of the movie, they do not correspond to the medial ethics. Probably I would choose non of the therapists. When speaking about the patients, I think that Conrads case is interesting and challenging. I would be interested to help him to pass through the feeling of loss and to build normal relations with his parents.