Boyd, Belle

Boyd, Belle Boyd, Belle, 1844â€"1900, Confederate spy in the Civil War, b. Martinsburg, Va. (now W.Va.). Operating (probably unofficially) in Martinsburg and Front Royal, she provided Gen. T. J. (Stonewall) Jackson with valuable information on Union activities in the Shenandoah Valley in 1862. In 1864, after being twice imprisoned and released, she went to England, supposedly with secret dispatches from Jefferson Davis to Confederate agents there. The first of her three husbands, a Union officer who had been her captor, followed her to England to marry her. After his death she began a career on the English stage (1866) and on her subsequent return to the United States toured widely, especially in the Middle West, giving dramatic talks about herself and sundry episodes of the Civil War. She wrote Belle Boyd in Camp and Prison (1865). See biography by L. A. Sigaud (1945). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Guns Dont Kill People; People Kill People

It is understandable that people would want something changed about guns after the murders at the Sandy Hook school in Connecticut. People have already tried to restrict guns; there was an assault weapons ban from 1994 to 2004. After the ban on assault weapons stopped, there was not a noticeable increase of crime. So why keep trying something that hasn’t worked in the past? Do gun control supporters think that another ban would actually work? Some might ask what an assault weapon is. Well, an assault weapon is classified as a semi-automatic firearm that looks like a military firearm. An assault weapon that would be included in the ban isn’t a machine gun because these firearms are already tightly restricted. The government thinks that a gun that looks military is somehow more dangerous. When the assault weapons ban stopped; if the assault weapons were more dangerous, then the crime rate with rifles should go up right? Well according to Gun control has a clear record of failure; the crime rate didn’t rise at all. More people are killed will bare hands than with any rifle and semi-automatic rifles are merely a small group of all the different types of rifles. According to the FBI, the rates of violent crimes and murders have dropped by half in the U.S. We have more guns in this country than ever and our crime rate is half as high as 20 years ago. Accidental shooting deaths have also declined. The reason there are fewer accidental deaths is because there is better education. For example, the Eddie Eagle program teaches kids not to touch guns and to tell an adult if they find one. There are various gun safety programs including ones by the National Rifle Association. According to Gun control has a clear record of failure; the conceal carry movement started in Florida and the media named it the â€Å"gunshine state† and predicted that every fender bender would end in a gunfight. Well, that didn’t happen. We don’t ne ed to take guns away because the guns aren’t the problem. The people who want to use guns in a bad way are the problem.

Analysis Of Thomas Hobbes s Leviathan - 1891 Words

In his book, Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes writes that human beings’ state of nature is one of constant war. He claims that man’s fundamental natural instinct is that of self-preservation, and that this leads to a violent, â€Å"every man for himself† sort of world in which there are no rules, no morals, and all persons have the freedom to do as they please. In other words: our state of nature is anarchy, rampant with chaos and conflict. The only viable alternative to this, Hobbes argues, is voluntary subjection and obedience to an absolute sovereign. An absolute sovereign would, ideally, exchange the people’s unrestrained freedoms for security, order, and peace. Anything less than an absolute ruler, he believes, would collapse and slip back into†¦show more content†¦Hobbes outlines here what he thinks of our state of nature—and while it does seem rather pessimistic, his claims are likely. As long as each person individually decides what is nece ssary for their own survival, cooperation seems impossible and such coordinated undertakings, like organizing industry or establishing a common language, are scant. So what can be found in the state of nature? Hobbes outlines a few, and I will try to discuss them below. The first thing is scarcity. The term scarcity implies the falling out between supply and demand: an insufficient supply of the things people typically want, or alternatively, a collective demand for certain desirable things that outstrips the overall supply. This is the basis of the aforementioned conflict and competition in the state of nature. â€Å"If any two men desire the same thing, which nevertheless they cannot both enjoy, they become enemies.† Desire for the ability to secure future desire satisfaction, in conditions of scarcity, especially puts people’s interests at odds—often creating hostile competition. Another feature, which has already been somewhat mentioned, is egoism—individuals looking out for only their own personal preservation. This can be labeled as mere

Glial Activation And Proinflammatory Cytokine In...

Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2014 Oct 31;18(3). pii: pyu022. doi: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu022. Quetiapine attenuates glial activation and proinflammatory cytokines in APP/PS1 transgenic mice via inhibition of nuclear factor-ÃŽ ºB pathway. Zhu S1, Shi R1, Li V1, Wang J1, Zhang R1, Tempier A1, He J1, Kong J1, Wang JF1, Li XM2. Author information Abstract BACKGROUND: In Alzheimers disease, growing evidence has shown that uncontrolled glial activation and neuroinflammation may contribute independently to neurodegeneration. Antiinflammatory strategies might provide benefits for this devastating disease. The aims of the present study are to address the issue of whether glial activation and proinflammatory cytokine increases could be modulated by quetiapine†¦show more content†¦Apart from these classic hallmarks, increasing evidence has demonstrated uncontrolled glial activation and neuroinflammation in AD brain may contribute independently to neural dysfunction and cell death (Akiyama et al., 2000; Wyss-Coray and Mucke, 2002). Robust activation of microglia has been found in and around the area of amyloid plaques in the AD brain, and reactive astrocytes have been shown to form a halo surrounding the amyloid plaques (Itagaki et al., 1989; Ho et al., 2005). Additionally, numerous proinflammatory factors have been reported to be elevated in bo th patients with AD and transgenic animal models of AD (Griffin et al., 1989; Akiyama et al., 2000; Ruan et al., 2009). Whether alleviation of neuroinflammation will offer therapeutic benefit for AD remains unclear. Epidemiological studies show a possible association between suppression of inflammation and reduced risk for AD (in t’ Veld et al., 2001; Vlad et al., 2008). Therefore, drugs targeting neuroinflammation might provide benefits for the prevention and treatment of this devastating disease. In the central nervous system, microglia and astrocytes are the major type of glial cells, and activation of these cells has been involved in all neurodegenerative diseases (Wyss-Coray and Mucke, 2002). Nevertheless, the

Animal Testing is Vital to Medical Advances Essay

Research is responsible for virtually all the medical breakthroughs there have been- there are medicines and vaccines and cures and treatments and more life saving benefits being developed today- but an important factor to the development of medical advances is the inclusion of animals in research. Virtually almost everyone alive has benefited from the medical advances made feasible through animal testing. According to my aunt Blanca, who is a mother of a child who was diagnosed with severe epilepsy says, â€Å"We should be thankful and supportive of animal testing† (Perez). When I questioned her whether she believed testing animals was cruel she said, â€Å"Nobody wishes for animals to be used in this form, and I believe animals should be used only†¦show more content†¦We would not have a rabies vaccine, we would not have a smallpox vaccine, we would not have leprosy treatments, we would not have insulin .For example from 1796 to 2002 there have been advances such a s the discovery of immunity mechanisms, the development of a Tetanus vaccine, and the development of an anthrax vaccine (Medical Advances through Animal Research). Year Medical Advancement Animal credited 1796 Smallpox vaccine developed Cow 1881 Anthrax vaccine developed Sheep 1885 Rabies vaccine developed Dog, Rabbit 1902 Lifecyle of Malaria discovered Pigeon 1919 Immunity mechanisms discovered Rabbit, Horse, Guinea Pig 1921 Insulin discovered Dog, Fish 1932 Neuron function discovered Cat, Dog 1933 Tetanus vaccine developed Horse 1939 Anticoagulants developed Cat 1954 Polio vaccine developed Mouse, Monkey 1956 Open-heart surgery pacemakers developed Dog 1964 Cholesterol regulation discovered Rat 1973 Social behavioral patterns in animals discovered Fish, Bee, Bird 1982 Leprosy treatment developed Armadillo 1990 Organ transplant techniques advanced Dog, Pig, Sheep, Cow 1997 Prions discovered characterized Hamster, Mouse 2000 Brain signal transduction discovered Sea Slug, Mouse, Rat 2002 Cell death mechanism discovered Worm (Fig.1. Medical Advances Through AnimalShow MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing1725 Words   |  7 PagesEach year, more than 100 million animals are experimented on in U.S. laboratories. These experiments are for things such as biology lessons, medical training, curiosity-driven experimentation, and chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics testing.(Procon writers) Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study. Animal testing is controversial and people findRead MoreAnimal Testing Is Morally Wrong?878 Words   |  4 Pageslot of different types of animals suffer through painful and unnecessary tests. An animal being used for scientific experiments is wrong because it is inhumane, expensive, and unpredictable. Animals in laboratories live lives of loss, pain, loneliness, and torture. Various studies have shown that animal experimentation often does not even help humans. Some even lead to harmful human reactions to the drugs being tested on animals. Yet we continue to use animal testing while other courses of actionRead MoreImportance of Animal Testing804 Words   |  4 PagesThe use of animals in scientific research has made dramatic improvements in our understanding of the human race. Despite the controversies that surround this issue, without this process of testing it is certain that much of what is known today towards the quality and quantity of life would remain closed off to us. Over the years, scientists have gained the ability to solve medical problems, cure diseases, and develop vaccines all with the use of animals during scientific research. To believe thatRead MoreThe Benefits of Animal Testing to the Field of Medicine1097 Words   |  4 Pages Benefits of animal testing in the field of medicine The medication you are taking was tested on animals. 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They should be respected and loved for loyalty; however it has been a very common practiceRead MoreEarly Uses Of Animal Experimentation1125 Words   |  5 PagesEarly Uses of Animals in Science: -Aristotle (384-322 BC), Erasistratus (304-258 BC), and Galen (129-217 AD) used animal experimentation to advance human understandings of anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. -Ibn Zuhr (12th Century) tested surgical procedures on animals before applying them to human patients. Intro: Animal testing has always been a controversial topic. In the 17th century, it was argued that pain during vivisection (operations on live organisms) rendered results concerningRead MoreShould We Use Animals For Experiments?1335 Words   |  6 PagesLeland Tran Ms. Lambert Lit Modern Media Period : 5 May 7 2015 Advance in Medical Science Is a Must For years, people think of using animals for an experiment is an awful thing to do. It may seem to be disturbed to some people, but it helped medical researchers to figure out and create new medicines to cure the illnesses that have not a cure yet. How could animals help us with the experiment? If we cannot use animals, then what or who could replace them? Should we use humans for experimentsRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pagespossibly the lives that were spent doing so. Those lives being the ones of animals tested in pharmaceutical settings to assure the safety of the product you just swallowed. It is difficult to justify the use of animals in this way, but when put simply we make the choice between putting human life, or the life of an animal on the line. While businesses have searched for other methods of testing, there is no more accurate way of testing toxicology than through a live host. Despite it not being the most idealRead MorePre-clin ical testing is performed to Good laboratory practice (GLP) and covers pivotal toxicology 1000 Words   |  4 PagesPre-clinical testing is performed to Good laboratory practice (GLP) and covers pivotal toxicology safety pharmacology studies. In preclinical research, scientists test their ideas for new biomedical prevention strategies in laboratory experiments or in animals. â€Å"Pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) can be seen as two sides of the same coin. PK and PD have a definite relationship, assessing how much drug gets to the site of action and then what that action is. Both activities are essential

Poetry Analysis of Maya Angelous Caged Bird Essay

Poetry Analysis of Maya Angelous Caged Bird ‘Caged Bird’ is a poem written by Maya Angelou which considers the conditions of the ‘free bird’ and the ‘caged bird’. Actually this contrast between the birds enables her to express her own emotions about freedom and isolation. The poem is quite symbolic so there are various hidden messages she tries to convey about her feelings mostly indirectly. In the first stanza Maya Angelou breathes life into her description of the ‘free bird’ by using verbs like ‘leaps’, ‘floats’, ‘dips’. The ‘free bird’ is a symbol of freedom and these well-chosen verbs are especially meaningful because they contain joy and energy – this is a hint for us to discover how Maya Angelou feels about freedom as well.†¦show more content†¦In the second and third stanza she goes on to describe the ‘caged bird’ by using words like ‘bars of rage’, ‘grave’, ‘fearful’, ‘shadow’. These ominous words are references to isolation and they are disturbing compared with freedom. This method of contrast that she uses throughout the poem is powerful to highlight the comfort of freedom and how the poet achieves a better understanding of the ease of freedom by comparing it with something worse. Maya Angelou also uses irony to be cleverer and effective but less direct in conveying her feelings. ‘The caged bird sings with a fearful trill’. This sentence is ironic as the caged bird is the one singing not the free bird as we expect. However, the words ‘fearful’ and ‘trill’ makes us realize that actually it is not a happy tune but a desperate cry for freedom. This relief enables us to reach to more depth and appreciate freedom. Another device Maya Angelou uses to emphasize the beauty of freedom is by repetition. The fact that the third stanza is repeated at the end is for emphasis because it reflects the two birds that are different. ‘For the caged bird sings of freedom’ is the last line of the poem and it delivers a very important message for the reader - the caged bird wants to be like the free bird. This tells us that we should be aware and thankful for the freedom we have and basically this sums up the whole poem. The rhyme tries to create pattern of neatness and containment – ‘trill’, ‘still’, ‘hill’ andShow MoreRelatedMaya Angelou : An Influential Voices Of Modern Society Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesMaya Angelou, born Marguerite Ann Johnson on the 4th of April 1928, was born in St. Louis, Missouri and grew up in Stamps, Arkansas. Maya Angelou is regarded as one of the most noteworthy, influential voices of modern society with over 50 doctorate degrees. 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I didn’t come to stay . . .† capture two of the most significant issues she struggles with in her childhood and young adulthood: feeling ugly and awkward and never feeling attached to one place. First, Maya imagines that though people judge her unfairly by her awkward looks, they will be surprised one day when her true self emerges. At the time, she hopes that she will emerge as if in a fairy-taleRead MoreDescriptive Analysis6093 Words   |  25 Pagesdiscussion should help your students understand how strategies such as plot, pace, and point of view shape and sharpen the point of a narrative and descriptive essay. THE READINGS The five essays in this section illustrate these strategies in action. Maya Angelou opens her essay by speculating about the purposes of education in the South and then selects an example from her own life to illustrate the ironies in her speculation. George Orwell’s essay proposes a theory about real impulses of imperialismRead MoreThe Effects of Scientific Racism on Black Women Essay5776 Words   |  24 Pageshow important controlling Black womens sexuality has been to the effective operation of domination overall. The words of Angela Davis, Audre Lorde, Barbara Smith, and Alice Walker provide a promising foundation for a comprehensive Black feminist analysis. The Sexual Politics Of Black Womanhood Patricia Hill Collins Even I found it almost impossible to let her say what had happened to her as she perceived it ... And why? Because once you strip away the lie that rape is pleasant, that children

Leisure or Free Time Free Essays

Leisure or free time, is a period of time spent out of work and essential domestic activity. It is also the period of recreational and discretionary time before or after necessary activities such as eating and sleeping, going to work or running a business, attending school and doing homework, household chores, and day-to-day stress. The distinction between leisure and unavoidable activities is loosely applied, i. We will write a custom essay sample on Leisure or Free Time or any similar topic only for you Order Now e. people sometimes do work-oriented tasks for pleasure as well as for long-term utility. [1] A distinction may also be drawn between free time and leisure.For example, criticism of consumer capitalism by Situationist International maintains that free time is illusory and rarely free; economic and social forces appropriate free time from the individual and sell it back to them as the commodity known as ‘leisure’. [2] *Do young people today make good use of their leisure time? Or do they spend too much time watching television and playing video games, instead of taking part in more productivity activities. The most young people are wasting a lot of time to watching television and playing video games.It will all start after the primary school as soon as kids become teenagers at the age of 15. Furthermore, their parents are going to say how important school can be and what you can and want to achieve in the future. It is hard to have less time for yourself, to watch less television or to play less video games but it something you must control it by yourself. The reason why this happens after the primary school is, because they have got homework and they want to have a part time job. The ,,young people’’ want to go to clubs, cinema’s or other activities in their neighbor.They also have more living costs to pay like life insurance. The solution of all this is to manage time. In other words, the parents need to learn their children how to manage time so they can have more time for themselves. Now I have told you that this problem will appear al lot, but fortunately it will not appear always. I also think that this problem will appear less over 5 years, because the educations still gets better and the young people are getting more ambition. But the most important is they are going to get more focused on the future. How to cite Leisure or Free Time, Papers